Histoire
Les puissances de Sumer, une par une
15 figures que nomment les textes anciens, chacune avec ses sources et un verdict clair : 10 racontées telles que le fait le document, 5 que la chronique reprend aussi à sa façon.
Anunnaki est un mot sumérien et akkadien réel, et les êtres qu'il recouvre sont de vrais objets d'étude, avec des hymnes, des temples, des listes d'offrandes et des mythes consignés sur argile. Cette page est le registre : qui ils étaient, ce que disent les textes, et où lire ces textes vous-même.
Une chose que cette page ne fera pas : brouiller la limite entre l'attesté et l'inventé. Chaque entrée porte une marque. Là où la chronique ajoute une couche, la marque le dit, et elle le dit sans vous raconter l'histoire.
Comment lire les marques
- Tel qu'attesté
- Le mythe tel que le document le donne. Notre récit utilise la figure sans rien y ajouter.
- Attesté, et repris
- La figure attestée est réelle et sourcée, et la chronique pose par-dessus une couche inventée. L'histoire, sur la page, reste l'histoire.
the sky, the first father
Tel qu'attestéThe oldest head of the Sumerian pantheon: the sky itself, father of the gods, and the older claimant to the sacred precinct at Uruk.
the faithful son
Tel qu'attestéThe shepherd god and Inanna's husband, found enthroned and unmourning on her return, and given to the galla as her substitute below.
lord earth, the third door
Tel qu'attestéGod of sweet water, craft and cunning, housed in the E-abzu at Eridug, and the one who finds the way around a law he cannot break.
lord wind, the first door
Tel qu'attestéLord of the air and the executive power of the pantheon, whose house at Nippur made that city the place a king had to be recognised in.
vine of heaven
Tel qu'attestéGoddess of the vine and of dream interpretation, who offers herself for half of each year so her brother may be above for the other half.
the Lady of heaven
Tel qu'attestéQueen of heaven, goddess of love and war and the planet Venus, and the holder of the eight-pointed star that is the oldest emblem in this world.
an early king of Uruk, later a god
Tel qu'attestéAn early king of Uruk in the Sumerian King List, hero of his own two Sumerian poems, later deified, and the father of Gilgamesh.
the moon over Ur, the second door
Tel qu'attestéThe moon god of Ur, whose great ziggurat still stands, and the second of the three doors that refuse the minister in Inana's descent.
the gatekeeper
Tel qu'attestéThe chief gatekeeper of the underworld, who takes Inanna's answers at the outer gate and works the seven gates by instruction.
the sukkal, Inanna's minister
Tel qu'attestéInanna's sukkal, her minister and a deity in her own right, who is given the contingency before the descent and walks the three doors in order.
queen of the great earth
Attesté, et reprisQueen of the great earth and mistress of the land of no return: the underworld's lawful ruler, and the elder sister who hangs Inanna on a hook.
the keeper of the cedar
Attesté, et reprisThe keeper of the Cedar Forest, appointed to his post by Enlil and killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic's most famous victory.
the scorching edge
Attesté, et reprisGod of plague, war and the scorching sun, who becomes the underworld's other throne by taking Ereshkigal as his consort.
lady wild cow
Attesté, et reprisThe wise goddess of the Epic of Gilgamesh, dream-reader for her son, and the mother through whom the bloodline of Uruk's kings runs.
the sun, and the judge of what it touches
Attesté, et reprisThe sun god and the judge of what the day touches: the god travellers and the wronged called on first, and Gilgamesh's ally against Humbaba.
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